An instruction consists of a group of bits that tells the computer to specific operation. The group of bits of an instruction is logically divided into different parts. Each part is used to perform a specific action. This Structure of instruction is called the instruction code format. A computer has a variety of instruction code formats. The control unit is …

There are two types of processor’s architecture or design: CISC and Risc. CISC Architecture CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer or Computing. CISC is a traditional architecture of CPU that supports a large number of complex instructions at the assembly language level. A single instruction can execute several low-level operations such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, …

SYSTEM UNIT The system unit is main body o of the computer. It is a case that contains different electronic Components of the computer. These components include central processing unit, memory (i.e. disk drives, power supply, computer fan and other electronic components. All these components are connected to the motherboard inside the system unit. The case of the system unit …

Motherboard is the main circuit board of the system unit. It is also known as system board or main board. It is the most important circuit board inside the system unit. Many electronic components are connected to the motherboard and some components are built into it. The processor chip and memory chips are plugged (installed) into the motherboard. The motherboard …

REGISTERS A processor contains small, high-speed storage locations. These storage locations are called registers. The registers are used during program execution. They temporarily hold instructions, data, or intermediate results of calculations. The size of these registers is 2 or 4 or 8 bytes. The large sizes of registers increase the performance of CPU. For example, a computer having 32-bit (4-bytes) …

A person who writes software code is called computer programmer. Computer programmer is also known as software developer or coder. He/she writes software code on the basis of system’s analysis and design. He/she tests and debugs the software code. He/she also modifies the software code to meet the new requirements of the users or organization.   Software Engineer A person …

Representation and manipulation of graphics through the use of computer system is known as computer graphics. The combination of picture, images, text & colors that gives any type of information is called graphics. Computer-graphics system is used for creating and manipulating graphics. It consists of computer hardware and software: Computer hardware includes a computer, various input and output devices. The …

The delivery of computing services over the Internet is called cloud computing. These services include storing, managing, processing and accessing data online. Companies offering these computing services are called cloud providers. We can use these services (cloud computing) instead of buying and installing our own computer system. Cloud computing consists of a front-end and a back-end, connected to each other …

The word ‘data’ refers to facts concerning things, people, objects, events etc. Therefore, a collection of raw facts and figures is called data. The word ‘raw’ means unprepared or unprocessed. Data can also be defined as: “an unarranged, unprocessed and meaningless fact about an entity is called data.” Data may consist of text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Data is …

The word “Computer” is derived from the word “compute” which means to calculate. In the past, the computer was normally considered to be a calculating device used to perform arithmetic operations. But today, computer is used in every field of daily life to solve problems of different kinds. So computer can be defined as: “Computer is a modern electronic machine …